How Do Car Steering Systems Work？

The specific working principle of the power steering system is as follows:

1. Mechanical hydraulic power steering system, mechanical hydraulic power steering system is generally composed of a hydraulic pump, oil pipe, pressure flow control valve body, V-type transmission belt, oil storage tank, and other components. The mechanical hydraulic power steering system consists of a hydraulic pump, pipelines, and oil cylinders. In order to maintain the pressure, no matter whether steering assistance is required or not, the system must always be in a working state, and the energy consumption is relatively high, which is also one of the reasons for the consumption of resources.

Generally, economical cars use more mechanical hydraulic power assist systems;

2. The electro-hydraulic power steering system, because mechanical hydraulic power needs to consume a large amount of engine power, people have improved on the basis of mechanical hydraulic power and developed a more energy-saving electronic hydraulic power steering system.

The steering oil pump of this system is no longer directly driven by the engine but is driven by an electric motor, and an electronic control system is installed on the previous basis so that the magnitude of the steering assist force is not only related to the steering angle but also related to vehicle speed. A hydraulic reaction device and liquid flow distribution valve are added to the mechanical structure, and the new electronic control system includes a vehicle speed sensor, solenoid valve, steering ECU, etc.;

3. Electric Power Steering (EPS), Electric Power Steering (EPS), uses the power generated by the electric motor to assist the driver in power steering.

The composition of EPS, although the structural components of different cars are different, they are generally the same. It is generally composed of a torque (steering) sensor, an electronic control unit, an electric motor, a reducer, a mechanical steering gear, and a battery power supply.